Evaluation of anthropometric equations developed to estimate neonates' body composition: a systematic review.

This article aims to evaluate the anthropometric equations developed by selected studies in order to estimate the body composition of neonates. The systematic review consisted in the research of published articles in the following databases: PubMed, Brazilian Virtual Health Library, Embase and ScienceDirect by utilizing the following descriptors: "fat mass, fat free mass, anthropometry, air displacement plethysmography, validation, neonate". For doing so, the PRISMA protocol has been utilized. The bibliographical research resulted in 181 articles. However, only eight were selected for the present review because repetition in different databases and having been performed in adults, during pregnancy, in athletes, in preterm and children. There was discrepancy in terms of study method, mainly over the variables of the anthropometric equations, age and ethnicity of the neonates. All studies used the plethysmography method as a reference apart from one study. Only four studies had their equations validated. The studies that developed anthropometric models for estimating the body composition of neonates are scarce, and the use of these equations needs to be conducted carefully in order to avoid errors in nutritional diagnosis.

Do maternal morbidities change the nutritional composition of human milk? A systematic review. / Morbidades maternas modificam a composição nutricional do leite humano? uma revisão sistemática.

This paper aims to identify the effects of maternal morbidities on the nutritional composition of human milk. This systematic review of the literature employed a PRISMA's protocol for searching, selecting, and extracting data. The flowchart proposed for bibliographic search resulted in 1,582 papers, of which 14 were selected for this work. The papers selected for this review were published between 1987 and 2016. Nine studies found significant differences in the nutritional composition of the milk of mothers with diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, or overweight compared to the control group. Most studies have shown that the presence of chronic diseases leads to changes in the nutritional composition of human milk. The main results showed a lower concentration of lactose and fat in the milk of women with diabetes mellitus. Concerning hypertension, higher levels of total protein were found in colostrum and mature milk. A higher fat and energy content was observed in overweight mothers. It is imperative that these women have continuous nutritional monitoring to minimize the impact of these morbidities on the nutritional composition of breast milk.

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os efeitos das morbidades maternas sobre a composição nutricional do leite humano. Revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando protocolo PRISMA para a busca, seleção e extração de dados. De acordo com o fluxograma proposto a busca bibliográfica resultou em 1.582 artigos e, destes, 14 foram selecionados. Os artigos elegidos para a presente revisão foram publicados entre 1987 e 2016. Nove estudos verificaram diferenças significativas na composição nutricional do leite de mães com diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial ou excesso de peso em comparação ao grupo controle. A maioria dos estudos demonstrou que a presença de doenças crônicas acarreta modificações na composição nutricional do leite humano. Os principais resultados evidenciaram menor concentração de lactose e gordura no leite de mulheres com diabetes mellitus. Quanto a hipertensão, foi verificado níveis mais elevados de proteína total no colostro e no leite maduro. Para o excesso de peso, foi observado maior teor de gordura e energia. É de extrema importância que essas mulheres tenham acompanhamento nutricional contínuo a fim de minimizar o impacto dessas morbidades sobre a composição nutricional do leite humano.

Morbidades maternas modificam a composição nutricional do leite humano? uma revisão sistemática / Do maternal morbidities change the nutritional composition of human milk? A systematic review

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os efeitos das morbidades maternas sobre a composição nutricional do leite humano. Revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando protocolo PRISMA para a busca, seleção e extração de dados. De acordo com o fluxograma proposto a busca bibliográfica resultou em 1.582 artigos e, destes, 14 foram selecionados. Os artigos elegidos para a presente revisão foram publicados entre 1987 e 2016. Nove estudos verificaram diferenças significativas na composição nutricional do leite de mães com diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial ou excesso de peso em comparação ao grupo controle. A maioria dos estudos demonstrou que a presença de doenças crônicas acarreta modificações na composição nutricional do leite humano. Os principais resultados evidenciaram menor concentração de lactose e gordura no leite de mulheres com diabetes mellitus. Quanto a hipertensão, foi verificado níveis mais elevados de proteína total no colostro e no leite maduro. Para o excesso de peso, foi observado maior teor de gordura e energia. É de extrema importância que essas mulheres tenham acompanhamento nutricional contínuo a fim de minimizar o impacto dessas morbidades sobre a composição nutricional do leite humano.

Abstract This paper aims to identify the effects of maternal morbidities on the nutritional composition of human milk. This systematic review of the literature employed a PRISMA's protocol for searching, selecting, and extracting data. The flowchart proposed for bibliographic search resulted in 1,582 papers, of which 14 were selected for this work. The papers selected for this review were published between 1987 and 2016. Nine studies found significant differences in the nutritional composition of the milk of mothers with diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, or overweight compared to the control group. Most studies have shown that the presence of chronic diseases leads to changes in the nutritional composition of human milk. The main results showed a lower concentration of lactose and fat in the milk of women with diabetes mellitus. Concerning hypertension, higher levels of total protein were found in colostrum and mature milk. A higher fat and energy content was observed in overweight mothers. It is imperative that these women have continuous nutritional monitoring to minimize the impact of these morbidities on the nutritional composition of breast milk.

Are There Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Milk with Supplementation of Omega-3 Sources? A Systematic Review.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of supplementation with omega-3 sources on the fatty acid composition of human milk. Methods The review consisted of the search for articles published in PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (Virtual Health Library[VHL]) and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: fatty acids, omega-3, human milk and supplementation; for this purpose, we have used the program of research to integrate the services for the maintenance of autonomy (PRISMA) checklist. The following selection criteria were used: articles in English, Portuguese, Spanish or Italian, published between 2000 and 2015, and about studies performed in humans. We found 710 articles that met the established criteria; however, only 22 of them were selected to be part of this study. Results All studies found a positive relationship between the consumption of omega-3 sources and their concentration in human milk. The differences in the findings are due to the distinct methods used, such as the specific time of the omega-3 supplementation, the type of omega-3 source offered, as well as the sample size. Conclusion Although the studies were different in several methodological aspects, it was possible to observe the importance of omega-3 supplementation during gestation and/or the puerperium.

Are There Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Milk with Supplementation of Omega-3 Sources? A Systematic Review / Existem mudanças no perfil de ácidos graxos no leite materno com a suplementação de fontes de ômega 3? Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of supplementation with omega-3 sources on the fatty acid composition of human milk. Methods The review consisted of the search for articles published in PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (Virtual Health Library[VHL]) andWeb of Science databases using the following keywords: fatty acids, omega-3, human milk and supplementation; for this purpose, we have used the program of research to integrate the services for the maintenance of autonomy (PRISMA) checklist. The following selection criteria were used: articles in English, Portuguese, Spanish or Italian, published between 2000 and 2015, and about studies performed in humans. We found 710 articles that met the established criteria; however, only 22 of them were selected to be part of this study. Results All studies found a positive relationship between the consumption of omega- 3 sources and their concentration in humanmilk. The differences in the findings are due to the distinct methods used, such as the specific time of the omega-3 supplementation, the type of omega-3 source offered, as well as the sample size. Conclusion Although the studies were different in several methodological aspects, it was possible to observe the importance of omega-3 supplementation during gestation and/or the puerperium.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com fontes de ômega 3 sobre a composição de ácidos graxos do leite humano. Métodos A revisão consistiu na busca de artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Web of Science utilizando-se as palavras-chave: ácidos graxos, ômega-3, leitematerno e suplementação; para isso, foi utilizado o checklist PRISMA. Foram utilizados os seguintes critérios para a seleção: artigos publicados em inglês, português, espanhol ou italiano, entre os anos de 2000 a 2015, sobre estudos realizados em humanos. A busca bibliográfica, segundo a estratégia estabelecida, resultou em 710 artigos. Entretanto, apenas 22 destes foram selecionados para compor a presente revisão. Resultados Todos os estudos encontraram relação positiva entre o consumo de fontes de ômega 3 e sua concentração no leite humano. As diferenças nos achados se devem aos métodos empregados como, por exemplo, o momento da suplementação do ômega 3, o tipo de fonte de ômega 3 ofertado, e o tamanho amostral. Conclusão Apesar de os estudos serem díspares em inúmeros aspectos metodológicos, observou-se a importância da suplementação do ômega 3 na gestação e/ou no puerpério.

Dieta lipídica e sua relação com os níveis séricos lipídicos/lipoprotéicos em cadetes da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN) / Lipidic diet and its relationship with the lipidics/lipoproteics serics levels in cadets of Military Academy of Agulhas Negras (AMAN)

O presente estudo verificou o grau de correlação entre os níveis séricos lipídicos/lipoprotéicos (colesterol total - CT,triglicerídio - TG, lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade ligada ao colesterol - VLDL-c, lipoproteína de baixa densidade ligada ao colesterol - LDL-c e a lipoproteína de alta densidade ligada ao colesterol - HDL-c) e a quantidade de lipídios ingeridos na dieta (lipídios totais - LIPT, lipídios insaturados - LIPIN, lipídios saturados - LIPSA e colesterol - C) de cadetes da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN), que cursam o segundo ano da academia. Participaram do trabalho, cadetes com percentual de gordura superior a 17%, com faixa etária variando entre 20 e 22 anos, em treinamento físico regular. Foram avaliados quanto ao percentual de gordura corporal, consumo de LIPT, LIPIN, LIPSA e C, além dos níveis séricos lipídicos/lipoprotéicos. Utilizou-se o tratamento estatístico descritivo, como também, o teste de correlação de Pearson(r) para determinação das correlações. Houveram correlações significativas entre os níveis obtidos no CT e LIPT (r=0,719, p=0,008<0,01); CT e LIPSA (r=0,697, p=0,012<0,05); e, CT e LIPIN (r=0,596, p=0,041<0,05). Já CT e C (r=0,539, p=0,071>0,05); LDL-c e LIPT (r=0,540, p=0,070>0,05); e, LDLc e LIPSA (r=0,553, p=0,062>0,05), demonstraram correlações médias, porém não significativas. Os dados avaliados indicam principalmente, uma associação entre os níveis de CT sangüíneo e o percentual calórico de LIPT e LIPSA obtidos na dieta, enquanto as outras variáveis, tenderam a se associar, porém não claramente.

The present study verified the degree of correlation between the serics levels of lipidics/lipoproteics (total cholesterol - CT, triglycerides - TG, lipoprotein of very low density to cholesterol - VLDL-c, lipoprotein of low density to cholesterol - LDL-c and the lipoprotein of high density to cholesterol - HDL-c) and the amount of lipids ingested in the diet (Counts lipids – LIPT, unsaturateds lipids - LIPIN, saturated lipids - LIPSA and cholesterol - C) of cadets of the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras (AMAN), that attend the second year of the academy. Participated of this study, cadets having body fat percentage higher than 17%, from 20 to 22 years old, in regular physical training. They had been evaluated about the body fat percentage, consume of LIPT, LIPIN, LIPSA and C, beyond the lipidics/lipoproteics serics levels. It was used the descriptive statistical treatment, and also, the Pearson correlation test (r) for determination of the correlations. There was significant correlations between the levels gotten in CT and LIPT (r=0,719, p=0,008<0,01); CT and LIPSA (r=0,697, p=0,012<0,05); and, CT and LIPIN (r=0,596, p=0,041<0,05). However CT and C (r=0,539,p=0,071>0,05); LDL-c and LIPT (r=0,540, p=0,070>0,05); and, LDL-c and LIPSA (r=0,553, p=0,062>0,05), had demonstrated average, but not significant. The evaluated data indicate mainly, an association between the serics levels of CT and the caloric percentile of LIPT and LIPSA gotten in the diet, while the others variables, had tended to associate, however not clearly.